Design by Brett Yasko. Photo © Noah Addis/MSDP 2011
In its first phase, the Marcellus Shale Documentary Project documented the social, environmental and economic effects of unconventional natural gas (methane) extraction (commonly known as "fracking") within the borders of Pennsylvania. Photographers Noah Addis, Nina Berman, Brian Cohen, Lynn Johnson, Scott Goldsmith and Martha Rial, designer Brett Yasko and curator Laura Domencic collaborated for over a year to produce a body of work that opened as an exhibit in Pittsburgh in 2012, and which traveled until the spring of 2016. The project also published a book, available at the shop at Pittsburgh Center for the Arts. This first phase of the MSDP has been featured in the New York Times, and on wired.com, amongst others. The physical exhibit was visited by over 25,000 people during its travels, and was designated one of the top ten exhibits of 2012 by the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.
MSDP has been generously supported by The Pittsburgh Foundation, The Heinz Endowments, The William Penn Foundation, The Sprout Fund, the Donald and Sylvia Robinson Foundation, and by a number of private donors including Josh Whetzel, Nancy Bernstein, and Cathy Raphael.
The pictures here represent a synthesis of the work, organized by photographer.
Brian Cohen spent most of his time in South-Western Pennsylvania, in Butler County and the Laurel Highlands. He made landscapes that attempt to describe how the arrival of a major industrial process looks in rural Pennsylvania; and he followed stories both of people who have leased their property to a gas company, and of people who lived close by drilling activity.
Fred McIntyre at the window of his home in Connoquenessing Township, PA. May, 2012. Though the day was warm and sunny, Fred and Janet were forced to move inside due to the acrid quality of the air. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
A frack water pipe traverses a field belonging to Tim Grossik. The pipe ran between two Rex Energy sites on either side of a small stream that feeds in to Crab Run Creek lower down the hill. January, 2012. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
Janet Miller speaks with a worker near the well pad on the Millers’ property. Relations with the workers have been cordial, though unstable—workers come and go regularly, so it has been difficult to establish a long-term rapport. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
Janet McIntyre meets with Emily Collins of the University of Pittsburgh Environmental Law Clinic. January, 2012. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
Janet McIntyre delivers water to the Romito family in The Woodlands. The Romitos are not able to use their well water, and have fallen into ill health. Their dog had to be put down due to a carcinoma on its nose. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
A gas delivery pipeline in the Laurel Highlands, part of the vast network of pipes currently under construction in Pennsylvania. A compressor station, audible from the road, lies in the distance. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2011
Janet McIntyre at her home in The Woodlands, Connoquenessing. Due to concerns about the quality of the air and the water, she restricts the amount of time her grandchildren can spend on the property. 05/25/2012. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
Janet McIntyre with Pastor W. Lee Dreyer at the White Oak Springs Presbyterian Church in Evans City. The church is the focus of the water drive for families whose water is no longer usable. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
Shortly after this picture was taken in May, 2012, Barb and Dave Romito had to put down their dog who was suffering from a carcinoma, of unknown aetiology, on its nose. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
Janet McIntyre and WPXI News reporter Rick Earle at the home of Kim McEvoy. The situation at The Woodlands was the focus of media attention for a while in 2012. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
The Ritenour well pad operated by XTO in Fairfield Township in the Laurel Highlands, Westmoreland County. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
A gas drilling rig sits above Beaver Run Reservoir in Westmoreland County. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
A wind farm sits at the end of Beaverdam Lake, east of Beaverdale in Cambria County. The lake, a 360-acre impoundment, is a popular fishing spot. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
Flaring at the Kalp well in the Laurel Highlands of Pennsylvania. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
The Kalp well sits above Donegal Lake in the Laurel Highlands in Westmoreland County. The lake is maintained by the Fish and Boat Commission for public fishing and boating. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
A gas drilling rig and some of their dairy herd on the Millers' property in Westmoreland County. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
Range Resources’ well pad and rig above the Pittsburgh Mills strip mall in Tarentum, PA, Allegheny County. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2011
A gas drilling rig on Higgins Cemetery Road, Jackson Township, Greene County. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2011
An XTO drilling rig at the Marburger dairy farm in Butler County. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
Rural Lawrence County was one of the hubs of Marcellus Shale gas drilling in 2012. © Brian Cohen/MSDP 2012
Lynn Johnson's work casts a wide net, looking at people working in the gas industry, people opposed to drilling activity, people who have leased and who have been adversely affected by drilling. She covered ground across the state, from Butler County in the west, to in the northeast.
Steve Smith and his daughters, Kaydan, aged six, and Haley, two, stand where the family mobile home used to be. The land under Riverdale Trailer Park in Jersey Shore, PA, was sold to Aqua America as the site for a water-extraction plant for Marcellus Shale gas drilling. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Deb Eck, a resident of Riverdale trailer park, lives in chaos during the transition between eviction and move. The land under Riverdale Trailer Park in JerseyShore, PA, was sold to Aqua America as the site for a water-extraction plant forMarcellus Shale gas drilling © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Activist Wendy Lynne Lee talks to Riverdale residentChevelle Eck through a chain-link fence constructedshortly after activists were led off the property. Riverdale trailer park residents were evicted to clear theway for a water extraction plant that will supply 3 million or more gallons of water a day to Range Resourcesdrilling operations in the area. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Activists and a gas rig worker meet at the edge of a gas-drilling operation in Moshannon State Forest where drilling from one rig radiated out in eleven different directions. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Carrie Hahn, an activist in New Wilmington area, talks to an Amish farmer about the hazards of allowing a gas drilling operation on his land. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Jack Sordoni, of Homeland Energy Ventures, works with farmers to explain land leasing opportunities in their community. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
An activist walks a water pipe stretched precariously across the landscape in Bradford County, one of the areas most heavily impacted by shale gas extraction. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Barbara Clifford's family has lived on this farm for four generations. Now it is threatened by the industrialization of the entire area. Drilling rigs and compressor stations dot the landscape here in Montrose, PA threatening the family's dream of an organic farm and idyllic rural lifestyle. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
The Susquehanna River flows through areas threatened by the shale gas industry. It is key to all drilling operations as a source for clean water to frack each gas well, and sometimes also a repository for wastewater. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Reverend Leah Schade, a Lutheran pastor and environmental activist, regularly balances her passion for the earth with caring for her flock. She hugs the young son of a gas worker. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Devon Navarro shows his red coveralls stained by black fracking chemicals. Devon has since lost his job due to the downturn in gas prices. The job security he had hoped for, to care for his family of six, was just a dream. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Near Dimock Pa. Cabot drilling operations dot the once rural landscape. These trucks contain fracking fluid, a blend of water and chemicals that will be used to frack a nearby well.© Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Ray Kemble no longer trusts anyone. He lives in Dimock, PA- ground zero in the fracking fight. He believes that Cabot drilling operations fouled the water of many of the residents here several years ago. Many must still use water from water buffalos and not the once-clean underground source. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Lobbyist and activist- on the sidelines at a protest in Harrisburg, PA. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Reverend Leah Schade, a Lutheran Minister and environmental activist, prays for sanity and balance in the fracking fight- rotunda of the PA state capitol. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Kim McEvoy and her daughter have to walk several miles to a neighbor's home to do their laundry. Since drilling for gas began in their area, their water is either black, smelly, or simply gone. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Kim McEvoy shows Carrie Hahn the contaminated water that the DEP has proclaimed "safe" to drink after Rex Energy began gas exploration in their area outside Evans City. Both women became activists out of frustration and anger when, they felt, both local and state authorities turned their back ion their plight. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
McEvoy and her daughter stand in the brown spot that used to hold their water buffalo, the only source of safe drinking water for the family. The container, originally provided by Rex Energy, was taken away when their water was deemed "safe", though it was still brown and smelled like rotten eggs as it flowed from the kitchen faucet. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
One of many activists who shut down a large drilling operation in Moshannon State Forest sits behind a barricade of brush, locked to a rope. The activists held off police efforts to open the road to the rig, which forced its shutdown for an entire day. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Betty Whyte stands in her now empty mobile home in Riverdale Trailer Park. The land underneath was sold to Aqua America as the site for a water extraction plant. Residents, many of whom were elderly and living on restricted budgets, were forced to move suddenly and with only $1,200 to $2,500 in compensation. Betty and her husband, Bill, have been married for fifty-one years. This was their home for much of that time. © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
These IPhone images are "impressions" gathered in all corners of Pennsylvania - from the northeast Susquehanna watershed to the north of Pittsburgh. Dimock, Evans City, Benton, Jersey Shore, Milton, Toanda, Moshannon State Forest, Tunkhannock. These are only a few of the places in our state where homes, lands, and lives are deeply affected by the shale gas "boom". Photographs © Lynn Johnson/MSDP 2012
Nina Berman focused on the tensions caused by the rapid rise of gas drilling in the northeast of the state, and the struggles of residents to cope with the changes it has brought.
An orange glow from a nearby methane flare illuminates an otherwise darkened road. Springville, Susquehanna County, 2011. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2011
An EOG Cabot Oil and Gas Community picnic at the Hartford Fairgrounds attracts shale gas businesses and residents. Here picnic goers, one carrying a sign, pass in front of the Halliburton barbecue pit. Around 7,000 people attended. Hartford, Susquehanna County, 2012. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2012
Dr. Stephen Cleghorn declares his farm forever frack free in a memorial tribute to his wife Lucinda Hart Gonzalez who died of breast cancer. Environmental activists from across the region attended to honor Lucinda and participate in the release of her ashes. Reynoldsville, Jefferson County, 2012. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2012
Tamara Horn's son, Aidan, showing the rashes on his face that his parents say are a result of drinking and using contaminated water. The family and several others on Carter Road in Dimock claim that they had their well water contaminated, allegedly by nearby gas-drilling activities of Cabot Oil and Gas. Dimock, Susquehanna County, 2012. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2012
Tamara Horn seen with her son in their trailer. Dimock, Susquehanna County, 2012. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2012
Pat Farnelli's daughterLaAnna showers in contaminated water and has rashes on her arms. The family's well water was contaminated following Cabot gas drilling and fracking. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2012
Pat Farnelli, outside her home that has lost most of its value after her well water went bad. She claims her well was contaminated by nearby Cabot Oil and Gas gas-drilling activities. Dimock, Susquehanna County, 2012. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2012
Water from the kitchen faucet of Jodie Simons and Jason Lamphere home. They say their water was contaminated by gas drilling operations. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2012
Jason Lamphere looks out over his property. He and his family have been without well water since 2010 after methane migrated into their system. A garden plot behind him lays unplanted since he lacks clean water to irrigate it. He believes nearby gas drilling and fracking caused the problem. Monroeton, Bradford County, 2011. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2011
Having no clean well water, Simons and Lamphere give their horses bottled water to drink. They claim their water was contaminated by nearby gas-drilling activities causing their daughter to be sick and their animals to die. Monroeton, Bradford County, 2011. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2011
Jude Stiles comforts her daughter Angelina Fiorentino who collapsed in a seizure outside her trailer. Angelina, Jude, and Jude's husband, Carl Stiles all became sick from contaminated drinking water in their Sugar Run home and were forced to flee under doctor's orders. Carl was diagnosed with cancer and other ailments, Jude has skin problems and Angelina suffers from chronic seizures and blood poisoning. She can no longer work. In despair, Carl committed suicide, no longer able to handle the daily headaches and constant abdominal pain. The family is suing Chesapeake Energy, claiming they are victims of a 4-mile toxic cluster created by gas drilling that also affected homes in Wyalusing. Fayetteville, Franklin County, 2012. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2012
Nick DeRemer, a kayak instructor, shows where methane has been bubbling in the Susquehanna River along Sugar Run. He attributes it to gas drilling and wants to leave his home state because of the shale exploration. Several homes in Sugar Run and nearby Wyalusing have seen methane migrate into drinking water wells. Sugar Run, Bradford County, 2011. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2011
Organic farmers Adron and Mary Delarosa prepare their house for a move from Pennsylvania to North Carolina. They decided to leave because of intensive gas-drilling activities and a planned compressor station near their home. Springville, Susquehanna County, 2012. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2012
Matt Walker with the Clean Air Council, and Ralph Kisburg of the Responsible Drilling Alliance visit the one-room home of organic farmers Adron and Mary Delarosa to alert them to a meeting about a compressor station planned near their home. The station, and the four wells already mapped within 1 mile of their home, made them fear for their daughter's health and the integrity of their organic crops. As a result, they left the property and the state in early 2012. Springville, Susquehanna County, 2012. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2012
Cassie Spencer standing in her house which has lost 80 percent of its value after her well water went bad and she was forced to use a water buffalo and bottled water. Spencer and two other families won a lawsuit against Chesapeake claiming gas-drilling activities contaminated their well water. Chesapeake denied the charge but paid the families $1.6 million. Wyalusing, Bradford County 2011. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2011
Bright lights illuminate a Hallburton fracking site situated next to the leaseholder's home which is decorated with Christmas lights. Franklin Forks, Susquehanna County, 2011. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2011
Dana Dolney and other anti-shale gas-drilling protestors are locked out of a public meeting of the Governor's Marcellus Shale Advisory Commission. Protestors were eventually allowed to enter and give brief testimonies. Harrisburg, 2011. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2011
A supporter of natural gas drilling who lives in New York, traveled to Pennsylvania to promote gas drilling and shout at anti-fracking residents wholost their well water as a result of contamination from gas drilling. The frackingissue has split residents of Carter Road into two opposing camps. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2012
Jodie Simons and Jason Lamphere demonstrate how their tap water ignites. They have lived since 2010 without well water to drink or bathe in, attributing it to Chesapeake's nearby gas-drilling activities. Monroeton, Bradford County 2011. © Nina Berman/MSDP 2011
Noah Addis' large format photographs describe in extraordinary detail the faces and landscapes of the gas fields.
View of a Rex Energy gas-drilling rig in Connoquenessing Township, PA on 01/08/2012. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
View of the Sunoco Marcus Hook Refinery in Marcus Hook, PA on
09/11/2011. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2011
View of the Sunoco Marcus Hook Refinery in Marcus Hook, PA on
09/11/2011. The refinery, which has since been idled, is under consideration as a potential site for a liquefied natural gas terminal to process and export gas from the Marcellus Shale. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2011
View of a Range Resources gas-drilling rig along Skyline Drive in Hickory, PA on
01/22/2012. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
View of a Consol Energy gas-drilling rig along Archer Road in Morris
Township, PA on 01/24/2012. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
View of the Morris Township Community Park in Prosperity, a section of Morris Township, PA on 01/24/2012. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
View of a natural-gas drilling rig along Devil’s Half Acre Road in East Finley, PA on 01/24/2012. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
View of a natural-gas pipeline construction site along Valley Chapel Road in East Finley, PA on 01/24/2012. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
View of a natural-gas pipeline under construction in Franklin Township, PA on 05/01/2012. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
View of a water pipeline leading to an EOG Resources natural-gas rig in the Moshannon State Forest in Penfield, PA on 06/06/2012. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
View of a gas-compressor station near the home of Pam Judy in Cumberland Township, PA on 05/01/ 2012. Judy says that emissions from the compressor station are making her family sick. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
View of an EOG Resources well pad containing completed wells in the Moshannon State Forest in Penfield, PA on 06/06/2012. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
Carol Jean “Jeannie” Moton poses for a portrait at her home in Avella, PA on 04/29/2012. Moton says she has had health problems including skin lesions and rashes, hot flashes, and bone pain since the first Marcellus Shale well was drilled near her home in 2006. She says several of her neighbors, including her mother, have become ill. She suspects that contaminated water contributed tothe recent death of her father, as well as that of her own and her neighbor’sdogs. “This is not a safe practice,” she says. “I’ve been through hell.” © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
Skylar Sowatskey, aged three, poses for a portrait near her home inConnoquenessing Township, PA on 04/30/2012. Her mother claims that their water was contaminated after several Marcellus Shale gas wells were drilled inthe area between 2010 and 2011. The family recently moved from their home, where they had lived for sixteen years. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
Pam Judy poses for a portrait at her home in Cumberland Township, PA on 05/01/2012. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
Fred McIntyre poses for a portrait at his home in Connoquenessing Township, PA on 04/30/2012. McIntyre, who has lived in his home for twenty years, claimsthat his water turned purple and foamy after several Marcellus Shale gas wells were drilled in the area in January of 2011. He and his family now drink only bottled water. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
Ron Gulla poses for a portrait at his mother's home, where he now lives with his family, in Canonsburg, PA on 04/29/2012. Gulla says he lost his farm in a lawsuit with energy company Range Resources after his land was contaminated by the hydraulic fracturing process. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
Janet McIntyre poses for a portrait at her home in Connoquenessing Township, PA on 04/30/2012. McIntyre, who has lived in her home for 20 years, claims that her water turned purple and foamy after several Marcellus Shale gas wells were drilled in the area in January of 2011. She and her family now drink only bottled water. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2011
View of an XTO Energy gas drilling rig in Connoquenessing Township, PA on 01/08/2012. © Noah Addis/MSDP 2012
Scott Goldsmith photographed workers, activists, residents, and the infrastructure that brought them together and altered the landscape of south-western Pennsylvania.
Paul Battista is the owner of Sunnyside Supply. Paul is one of the people in the area that has seen his profit margin rise since the gas companies entered his area in Slovan, PA. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2011
The hole in the middle of this drilling rig platform (yellow area) is where the drill is inserted. Extension pipes are attached as they add length to achieve a depth of about a mile. Most of the extension pipes are rusted and corroded from the caustic chemicals used in the drilling process. One of the chemicals used helps fight corrosion. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2011
An underground pipeline stretches like a ribbon into the distance. Workers ready the top of the pipeline to plant grass as the final phase of the pipeline built to transport the gas harvested from the Marcellus Shale. Mt Pleasant Township, PA. This section of the pipeline was completed in 2010 and opened again in 2012 for updates. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2012
Looking up at a natural-gas drilling rig in Washington County, PA, through a ceiling window of the control room on the drilling platform. The flag is used to help the people working on the rig determine which way the wind is blowing, to help avoid airborne contaminates when present. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2012
A gas-drilling rig in Hopewell Township area of Washington County, PA. Nearby residents complained of extreme noise, seismic activity, and dust from truck traffic along with polluted air and water. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2012
A double flare on Fort Cherry Road in Hickory PA. The toxins from flares such as these may present many health hazards. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2011
A flow-back water containment pond holds polluted and radioactive water from the drilling industry. This water evaporates and lands on crops and farm land in the form of dew condensation. These ponds have leaked and flown into creeks, streams, and rivers. Birds land on the ponds and small animals have consumed the water. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2012
John "Denny" Fair, aged fifty-eight, was among several Butler County residents who lost their water supply when gas driller Rex Energy ended water shipments to several families in Connoquessing Township, Butler County. Workers hauled away two tanks from his backyard that supplied water to three homes. Fair is in the middle helping workers remove his only supply of water that is portable after boiling. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2012
After workers hauled away two water tanks that supplied three homes from his backyard, John "Denny" Fair went inside his small home and became teary-eyed. When Fair reconnected his water well, it pumped out orange-brown water that he and the neighbors don't want to use. Fair said the water turned brown and "stinky" shortly after the fracking started. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2012
Lee Zavislak of Amity, PA, during a truck-driving class at the Western Area Career & Technology School in Canonsburg, PA. The school is helping gas companies fill their need for truck drivers with graduates of the truck-driving program. Lee made it well-known that she would not drive for the gas companies because of the environmental damage they are doing. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2012
This water truck is making a delivery to the Hallowich family water buffalo. The family could not use their water because of contamination that started after drilling and fracking near their property. The water being delivered was for bathing only and cost the family more than 300 dollars a month, not including bottled water for drinking. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2011
Stephanie Hallowich leads a bus tour of Washington County, PA to educate the public and show the dangers, pollution, and contamination brought to the area by the gas companies. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2011
A hearing in downtown Pittsburgh, PA called by US senator Bob Casey, D., PA, to discuss action plans for accidents caused by gas drillers. Hallowich is crying as she listens to testimony from a person with severe health problems thought to be caused by water and air contamination from fracking. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2011
In Homestead, PA, a freight train carries underground transport pipe for thewestern PA natural gas drillers. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2012
Jeannie Moten shows her hands. She thinks the scaling skin comes from washing dishes and plans to use gloves from now on. She didn't have this problem before fracking. Moten also lost her portable water from contamination and members of her family have had respiratory problems and nosebleeds that she and others feel is the result of fracking near her property. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2012
Water transport pipes use gravity to take water from one site to the next. In 2011, Red Oak, the company that laid this set of pipes, was consolidated into a larger, Houston-based company named Rockwater. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2012
Lighting water on fire due to the natural gas bubbling up from a natural spring. The gas showed up in the spring after David Headley's property was fracked in Smithfield, PA. Headley owns horses and discovered the bubbles when his horses stopped drinking water from this location after the fracking. © Scott Goldsmith/MSDP 2012
Martha Rial spent time in Greene County, once the poorest in the state, to focus on how the construction of a pipeline affected one goat farmer and her surroundings.
Aerial view of Marcellus Well site and impoundment in Greene County. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
Pipe used in natural-gas drilling and a worker at Consol Energy's NV-31D rig in Morris Township, Washington County. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
Horizontal rig manager Vince Black at Consol Energy's NV-41 rig in S. Franklin Township in Washington County. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
Volunteers take a break at the Oil and Gas Safety Supply booth at the Tri-County Oil & Gas Expo in the Washington County Fairgrounds. Oil & Gas Safety Supply sells affordable flame-resistant work wear. Amy Savage opened the store in Washington, PA and it's one of the growing number of women-owned businesses serving the gas, oil, and coal industry. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
Well flaring in Jefferson Township, Greene County. Flaring is done to test well performance and can last anywhere from one to several days. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
Well flaring just before dawn in Jefferson Township, Greene County. Flaring is done to test well performance and can last anywhere from one to several days. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
Jeanne Williams and her husband Llew purchased the 113-acre farm they named Red Barn Farm in 1995. Her father introduced her to farming in her teens when her family moved to Greene County. Auzre, one of Williams' barn cats, explores the land overlooking pipeline construction. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
Williams watches her border collie Maggie monitor livestock in December. Work began on the natural-gas pipeline at the Freeport Township farm in Greene County in November 2011. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
Jeanne Williams drags Tulip, a reluctant goat about to give birth, into a shed for closer monitoring. Tulip later gave birth to triplets. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
A large truck rumbles by the Williams' farm. Dust is another problem for landowners because of increased truck traffic on rural roads. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
A landowner in Greene County warns industry trucks to stay off his property. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
A landowner observes a freshwater impoundment built by EQT near the edge of his farm in Greene County. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
A truck hauling heavy equipment for the natural gas industry slows traffic along Route 188 in Jefferson Township, Greene County. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
Marcellus Shale well in Tiadaghton State Forest in Lycoming County. The state made close to $400 million in gas-drilling leases over a four-year period, mainly in places like Tiadaghton State Forest. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
Marcellus Shale well with impoundments in the Tiadaghton State Forest in Lycoming County. Pennsylvania could lose upwards of 90,000 acres of forest to Marcellus drilling in the next twenty years. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012
Ken Dufalla collects a water sample while monitoring bromide levels at Clyde Mine discharge along Ten Mile Creek in Greene County. In fresh water, elevated levels of bromide, a substance usually found in seawater, are always a result of human activity. Dufalla is president of the Harry Enstrom Chapter of Izaak Walton League in Greene County and a long time advocate for clean water. As of March 2012, high bromide concentrations- some contend as a result of Marcellus Shale activity- remained a concern in many of the region's rivers. © Martha Rial/MSDP 2012